API 2000 identifies several potential causes of pressure excursions, including volume changes in empty tanks resulting from weather variations. Overpressure may occur due to increases in ambient temperature or solar radiation, while vacuum conditions can result from decreases in ambient temperature or intense rainfall events.

This presentation examines the thermodynamic basis of the simplified formulas provided in API 2000, with a detailed discussion of their underlying assumptions and limitations. Recent research is presented demonstrating the effects of extreme weather on tank headspace volume and local phase equilibrium. A real-world failure case is presented to illustrate risks and lessons learned.

In parallel, efforts to reduce emissions in support of climate change mitigation have driven the increased use of vapor recovery systems and common vent headers in tank farms. However, API 2000 provides limited guidance on the effects of backpressure buildup and inlet pressure losses associated with these systems. This presentation shares ongoing research conducted in collaboration with the API 2000 committee, evaluating the impact of these factors on conservation vent performance. Practical design solutions and best practices for the safe and effective implementation of advanced venting systems are also provided.

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